OS X puts more than a thousand Unix commands at your fingertips—for finding and managing files, remotely accessing your Mac from other computers, and using freely downloadable open source applications. If you’re an experienced Mac user, this updated edition teaches you all the basic commands you need to get started with Unix.
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If you’re working in Terminal on your Mac, you need to know the most important UNIX commands: those that work with directories, those that work with files, and miscellaneous but commonly used commands.
Folders are called directories in UNIX. Commands that refer to filenames, as most do, assume that you’re talking about files in the working directory. When you open the Terminal window, the working directory is set to your home directory, abbreviated ~. Bash shows you the current working directory and your username to the left of its prompt. The following table lists common directory-related commands.UNIX Directory CommandsCommandWhat It DoeslsLists the names of the files in the working directory. For morecomplete information, use ls –alF (.cd directorynameChanges the working directory to the one you named.cd ..Brings you up one directory level.cdReturns you to your home directory.pwdDisplays the pathname of the current directory.mkdir newdirectorynameMakes a new directory.rmdir directorynameRemoves (deletes) an empty directory.Unix For Mac Os X Pdf Editor
As in Windows, you can redirect the output of a command to a text file. So if you want a record of the files in a folder, type cd, followed by a space, drag the folder’s icon to the Terminal window, and press Return. Type ls > mydirectorylist.txt and press Return again. A file named mydirectorylist.txt will appear in the folder you chose. You can open the file in TextEdit to see a list of the files in that directory.
This table lists commands commonly used when working with files in the Terminal window.Working with FilesCommandWhat It Doescp filename1 filename2Copies a file.chmodChanges permissions for access to a file. Study the man pagebefore using this one.diffCompares two files line by line (assumes text).more filenameDisplays a text file one page at a time. Press the spacebar tosee the next page; press Q to quit. The man command works throughmore.mv filename1 filename2Moves a file or changes its name.rm filenameRemoves (deletes) a file.
This last table explains other handy commands that anyone getting started in Terminal will likely want to know.Miscellaneous CommandsCommandWhat It DoesControl+CTerminates most operations.dateDisplays the current date and time.echoRepeats whatever appears after the command (afterexpansion).helpDisplays a partial list of bash commands.historyDisplays the last commands you typed. You can redo a command bytyping an exclamation point (!) followed immediately (no space) bythe number of that command in the history list. To repeat the lastcommand, type !!. To repeat the last filename, type!*.picoA simple UNIX text editor.psDisplays a list of running processes.sudoLets you carry out commands for which the account you are usinglacks authority. You will be asked for an administrator’spassword.Unix For Mac Os X Pdf To Word Converter
When you’re working in Terminal, you don’t have a Trash Can to which deleted files are moved pending ultimate disposal. Delete it, and it’s gone. In general, UNIX has no Undo function.
